Cov khoom siv hlau

Kev txhais ntawm steelmaking: siv oxidation txoj kev tshem tawm impurities nyob rau hauv npua hlau thiab seem hlau, ntxiv ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm alloying ntsiab, thiaj li hais tias nws yuav ua tau ib tug hlau nrog siab zog, toughness los yog lwm yam khoom tshwj xeeb, txheej txheem no hu ua "steelmaking".

 

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 2. Kub kub: austenite, thermal ua haujlwm zoo; Chav kub: feem ntau pearlite.

 

Vim li cas cov hlau ua: npua hlau tsis muaj dav. Cov ntsiab lus siab carbon: tsis muaj austenite ntawm qhov kub thiab txias; Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo: tawv thiab nkig, tsis zoo toughness, vuam tsis zoo, tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav; Muaj ntau impurities: S, P, siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm inclusions.

 

Cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau: tsib lub ntsiab lus: C, Mn, S, P, Si (yuav tsum tau). Lwm cov ntsiab lus: V, Cr, Ni, Ti, Cu, thiab lwm yam (raws li qib steel). Yog vim li cas rau muaj nyob: ① cov txheej txheem txwv: S thiab P tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tag nrho; ② Raw khoom seem: seem steel residual Cu, Zn; ③ Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm: Mn txhim kho lub zog Al refines nplej. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: ① Lub teb chaws tus qauv yuav tsum muaj: GB; ② Kev lag luam tus qauv: kev lag luam tus kheej txiav txim siab; ③ Lwm cov qauv hauv tebchaws: SWRCH82B (Nyiv).

 

 

 

 

Sib tov molten hlau nrog cov seem hlau, ncuav nws mus rau hauv lub converter thiab tom qab ntawd tshuab oxygen, lub cub tawg kub nce mus txog 1600 degree, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg yog nruj heev, zoo li lub roob hluav taws tawg, cov pa roj carbon thiab cov impurities tseem ceeb tau hlawv sai sai. (manganese thiab silicon nyob rau hauv cov hlau molten yog oxidized, thiab cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv molten hlau kuj oxidized rau carbon dioxide). Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsuas yog kwv yees li 30 feeb, thiab tsis ntxiv cov roj ntxiv lawm, koj tuaj yeem txuas lub cub tawg ntawm cov hlau, thiab txawm tias "tsis zoo zog steel" nrog rau cov qauv ntawm cov hlau no, qhov zoo tuaj yeem piv rau qhov qhib rauv hlau, lub sijhawm. yuav tsum tau tsuas yog 1/10 ntawm lub qhov cub qhib, qhov ua tau zoo heev. Hloov steelmaking tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm niaj hnub steel ntau lawm. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tau raug kho kom zoo dua tom qab qhov sib ntxiv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub refining.

 

1. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm steelmaking

Hlau muaj C, S, P thiab lwm yam impurities, cuam tshuam rau lub zog thiab brittleness ntawm hlau, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum rov smelter cov hlau kom tshem tawm cov impurities saum toj no thiab ntxiv Si, Mn, thiab lwm yam los kho nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov txheej txheem ntawm resmelting molten hlau los kho nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog hu ua steelmaking.

Lub ntsiab raw khoom rau steelmaking yog molten hlau los yog npua hlau nrog siab carbon cov ntsiab lus thiab seem hlau. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov impurities los ntawm cov hlau molten, oxidizers, deoxidizers, thiab cov ntaub ntawv slagging, nrog rau cov ferroalloys thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, ntxiv rau cov hlau molten los kho cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau. Tom qab cov hlau los yog npua hlau nrog cov ntsiab lus siab carbon ntxiv rau hauv cov hlau ua rauv, cov impurities nyob rau hauv cov dej hlau yog oxidized thiab tshem tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm oxygen tshuab, ntxiv ore thiab tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon, thiab thaum kawg cov hlau yog ntxiv los ua alloying. , thiab tom qab ntawd cov hlau tau txais. Muaj peb hom steelmaking furnaces: ca rauv, converter thiab hluav taws xob rauv. Cov txheej txheem ca rauv steelmaking tau maj mam tshem tawm vim kev siv lub zog siab thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Kev hloov pauv thiab lub cub tawg tiaj tus steelmaking yog thawj cov hlau rau hauv qhov sib xyaw ua kom sov preheating, seem hlau rau hauv lub converter lossis lub cub tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau kub kub rau hauv lub converter lossis lub cub tawg nrog lub tsheb sib xyaw hlau, melting thiab cua sov, Thaum qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsim nyog, mus rau lub sijhawm oxidation. Hluav taws xob rauv steelmaking yog nyob rau hauv lub cub hluav taws xob rauv hlau tag nrho ntxiv txias seem, tom qab lub sij hawm ntev ntawm melting thiab sov, thiab ces mus rau lub sij hawm oxidation.

 

(1) Cov txheej txheem melting. Hlau thiab seem muaj C, Mn, Si, P, S thiab lwm yam impurities, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem melting qis, C, Si, P, S yog oxidized, txawm tias lub xeev monomorphic ntawm impurities rau hauv chemosynthetic xeev ntawm impurities. , txhawm rau pab txhawb qhov kev tshem tawm ntxiv ntawm impurities tom qab theem. Cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov xeb hauv cov nqi (cov ntsiab lus ntawm Fe2O3-2}H2O), hlau oxide, ntxiv hlau ore, nrog rau cov pa oxygen hauv huab cua thiab tshuab pa oxygen. Cov txheej txheem oxidation ntawm ntau yam impurities yuav siv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm cov slag thiab cov hlau.

(2) Cov txheej txheem oxidation. Cov txheej txheem oxidation yog decarburization, dephosphorization, degassing, thiab impurity tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim thaum kub kub.

(3) Deoxidation, desulfurization thiab steel ntau lawm. Thaum kawg ntawm oxidation, cov hlau muaj ntau cov pa oxygen ntau dhau, los ntawm kev ntxiv cov pob lossis hmoov ferroalloys lossis ntau cov ntsiab lus hlau rau cov kua hlau kom tshem tawm cov pa ntau dhau hauv cov kua hlau, uas ua rau cov pa phem CO yog tawm nrog lub cub tawg. gases, thiab lub resulting slag tuaj yeem ua tau ntxiv desulfurized, piv txwv li, slag thiab steel yog sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj yaug kom nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv desulfurization hauv cov txheej txheem steel kawg.

(4) Refining sab nraum lub qhov cub. Hlau smelted los ntawm steelmaking rauv muaj ib tug me me roj thiab impurities, feem ntau cov hlau yog txhaj rau hauv lub refining pob, argon tshuab, degassing, ladle refining thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, kom tau ib tug purer steel.

(5) Casting. Los ntawm steelmaking rauv lossis refining rauv tawm ntawm cov hlau ntshiab, thaum nws qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tsim nyog, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg raug kho kom zoo tom qab cov hlau. Hlau los ntawm cov pob hlau tawm mus rau hauv cov pwm pwm los yog lub tshuab nruam nruam, uas yog, kom tau txais cov ingot lossis nruam casting billet.

 

Casting yog muab faib ua ob txoj kev: pwm casting thiab nruam casting. Pwm casting kuj tau muab faib ua cov txheej txheem sab saud thiab cov txheej txheem qis qis. Ntawm txoj kev casting yog cov hlau los ntawm lub ladle los ntawm cov pwm casting ntawm lub qhov ncauj sab saud ncaj qha rau hauv pwm los tsim cov ingots. Txoj kev txhaj tshuaj qis dua yog nchuav cov hlau hauv lub ladle rau hauv cov yeeb nkab txhaj tshuaj, ntws steel cib, hlau los ntawm cov pwm pwm rau hauv pwm los ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Steel solidifies nyob rau hauv pwm kom tau lub ingot. Steel ingot los ntawm de-insulation cap mus rau hauv lub dov zeb ntawm txawm lub tshav kub rauv cua sov, thiab ces lub ingot pwm thiab lwm yam thauj rov qab mus rau lub steel zeb rau tag nrho cov pwm ua hauj lwm.

 

Kev nruam nruam yog cov hlau los ntawm lub ladle mus rau hauv cov pob nruab nrab, thiab tom qab ntawd nchuav rau hauv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Cov hlau yog rub tawm ntawm lub crystallizer los ntawm billet ruber ntawm ib qho kev ceev los ntawm qhov txias, tom qab lub thib ob txias thiab yuam kom txias, kom tag nrho cov txias, txiav mus rau hauv ib tug tej yam loj ntawm nruam casting billet, thiab thaum kawg xa mus rau lub dov khw. .

 

2. Lub ntsiab kev ruaj ntseg tshuab ntawm steel ntau lawm

(1) Lub luj tshib lossis reducer yeeb nkab tiv thaiv tawg. Oxygen phom nyob rau sab sauv ntawm cov pa yeeb nkab khoov los yog reducer vim tus nqi khiav, lub zos tsis kam, xws li slag nyob rau hauv cov yeeb nkab los yog degreasing tsis huv, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau induce high-purity, high-pressure, high- ceev oxygen combustion. Yuav tsum tau txhim kho los ntawm kev tsim qauv, tiv thaiv kev khoov ntse, ua kom qis qis, ua kom lub tshuab tsis tu ncua, ntxuav cov ntxaij lim dej, zoo meej degreasing thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias kom tsis txhob muaj xwm txheej.

(2) Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj ntawm tempering thiab combustion xwm txheej. Cov pa oxygen tsawg uas ua rau lub siab tsis zoo oxygen tube, oxygen phom nozzle blockage, yog nquag mus rau high-kub melting pas dej ua ke roj uas tsim los ntawm lub inverted tank backfire, tawg xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, cov pa oxygen siab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas zoo. Ntau lub cub tawg nrog cov pa oxygen, tsis txhob maj siv cov pa oxygen, thiaj li tsis ua rau lub raj xa dej rov qab.

(3) Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub tiv thaiv. Vim tias kev ua haujlwm yuam kev los ntawm cov phom oxygen rov qab mus rau hauv dej tsis tuaj yeem siv tau, cov phom oxygen khaws cov dej hauv lub pas dej molten ntawm qhov kub thiab txias vaporization, tiv thaiv kev nkag ntawm cov dej siab. Thaum lub vapor siab nyob rau hauv cov phom oxygen siab tshaj qhov txwv ntawm lub zog ntawm rab phom phab ntsa yuav tawg.

(4) qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm blasting: tawg seismic nthwv dej; tawg shock yoj; khib nyiab thiab ya thaiv kev phom sij; suab nrov.

(5) Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb: Ua ntej, hnyav khawb blasting. Cov hlau khib nyiab yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv qhov chaw blasting hauv av, blasting qhov lub zog yuav tsum loj, thiab lub siab nyem qhov, qhov siab nyem qhov nyob ib ncig ntawm kev tsim cov kab los thaiv phab ntsa; qhov thib ob yog kev rhuav tshem ntawm lub cub tawg blasting, txwv tus nqi ntawm cov nqi, tswj lub zog blasting; qhov thib peb yog los ua qhov tsim nyog tiv thaiv thiab tswj kev ntsuas.

 

3, Hlau, hlau, slag hlawv tiv thaiv tshuab

Hlau, hlau, slag kua kub yog siab heev, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj zog heev, thiab yooj yim rau txaws, ua ke nrog qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv thiab ib puag ncig, yooj yim heev rau hlawv cov xwm txheej.

(1) kub hnyiab thiab nws ua rau: cov khoom to, xws li steelmaking rauv, steel tanks, hlau tso tsheb hlau luam, hlau sib tov rauv overflow; hlau, hlau, slag kua nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub cev thiab tshuaj explosions thiab lwm yam explosions tshwm sim nyob rau hauv dej; superheated chav pipeline los ntawm qhov to los yog raug; hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nplaim taws ntawm lub tiaj tus lub cub tawg hearth thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov pa pa tawm ntawm cov roj kub los yog nplaim taws; ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem khiav haujlwm.

(2) Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb: kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm steelmaking rauv, steel tank, hlau tso tsheb hlau luam, hlau sib tov rauv thiab lwm yam khoom siv; txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj xyuas, thiab nruj me ntsis tswj; txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tus kheej; yooj yim rau xau lub flange, lub valve yuav tsum tau hloov tsis tu ncua.

 

4, Hlau ua cog lifting thiab tsheb thauj mus los kev nyab xeeb technology

Cov txheej txheem steelmaking yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom tiav ib nrab, cov khoom tiav yuav tsum tau nqa cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv rau kev thauj mus los, muaj ntau yam txaus ntshai hauv kev thauj mus los.

(1) qhov muaj kev phom sij: nqa cov khoom poob raug mob; nqa cov khoom sib tsoo nrog ib leeg; hlau thiab steel tipping raug mob; tsheb ntaus neeg.

(2) Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb: xav txog qhov chaw txaus thaum tsim cov nroj tsuag; innovate cov cuab yeej siv thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev saib xyuas; txhim kho qib kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm; thiab nruj me ntsis raws li cov kev cai tsim kev ruaj ntseg.

 

5, Steelmaking ntau lawm kev sib tsoo tiv thaiv kev ntsuas thiab tshuab

(1) Cov kev xav tau kev nyab xeeb ntawm steelmaking cog chav. Yuav tsum xav txog cov qauv ntawm steelmaking cog chav tsev tuaj yeem tiv taus hluav taws kub kub; muaj lub zog txaus thiab rigidity, tuaj yeem tiv taus steel ladle, hlau ladle, ingots thiab billets, xws li thauj khoom thiab kev sib tsoo thiab yuav tsis deformed; ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm dav, qhov cua zoo thiab teeb pom kev zoo, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov cua sov thiab emission ntawm fumes, muab tag nrho cov kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm.

(2) Kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tawg. Hlau, molten hlau, steel slag thiab slag nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub steelmaking rauv yog kub kub molten khoom, uas yuav tawg thaum nws los txog rau hauv dej. Thaum 1 kg ntawm dej tiav rau hauv chav, nws ntim kom nce li 1500 zaug, lub zog puas tsuaj loj heev. Cov nroj tsuag steel vim cov khoom molten nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej tawg qhov teeb meem yog: converter, rauv oxygen phom, converter hood, nruam casting tshuab crystallizer siab thiab nruab nrab siab txias dej to, nkag mus rau molten khoom thiab tawg; steel furnace, refining rauv, nruam casting crystallizer dej-txias qhov chaw vim tias rov qab los ntawm cov dej txhaws, uas ua rau cov cua sov txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev tawg; steel rauv, steel tso tsheb hlau luam, hlau tso tsheb hlau luam, tso tsheb hlau luam, nruab nrab slag kaus poom los ntawm cov hlau, to ntawm slag thiab dumping ntawm tawg; mus rau lub tank ntub dej, hlau tso tsheb hlau luam, nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam, slag tso tsheb hlau luam uas muaj cov hlau, hlau, kua slag tawg; kom muaj cov khib nyiab ntub dej thiab cov kwj dej, qhov pits, slag pits hauv lub tank kub, slag, slag tshaj qhov tawg los ntawm; mus rau steelmaking rauv kom ntxiv cov khoom ntub dej los ntawm kev tawg; steel casting system to thiab ntub av sib cuag nrog qhov tawg. Lub ntsiab ntsuas los tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov khoom molten nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej yog los xyuas kom meej cov dej nyab xeeb rau cov dej txias system, cov dej zoo yuav tsum tau purified, tsis muaj to; cov ntaub ntawv, ntim khoom, chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum qhuav.

Cim npe nrov: Steelmaking Equipment, Metallurgical Khoom